GLORIFICATION AND CASTIGATION OF BIRDS THROUGH SONG IN SETSWANA FOLK-STORIES

Abstract

<jats:p>Birds occupy the same space as Batswana and this has led to mutual interaction between the two species, each trying to create a hospitable environment in which they can live in harmony. As birds and Batswana share space, resources and food, their relationship is marked by disagreement as a Setswana proverb says Diselammapaga di ratane meaning 'those who pick (wild berries or seeds) in the same wood do not get along, or two of a trade seldom agree' (Plaatje, 1916:29). In some instances the coexistence is characterized by convergence. It is an undisputed fact that the two species help each other for their survival, but in other instances they upset and distress one another. Birds may warn people of impending danger, like the enemy that is invading their land. They may also help people by eating insects that destroy their crops, such as grasshoppers, worms, caterpillars, ants and flies. On the downside, birds eat seeds of sorghum or maize from Batswana fields. Batswana kill and eat birds and their eggs, though they also provide them with chaff after grinding corn or sorghum. This bitter-sweet correlation stimulated Batswana to create songs of grandeur and chastisement. This article expounds on songs of glory and reproach about birds that both help and harm Batswana. </jats:p>